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{{Short description|Naval engagement of the Adriatic Campaign of World War I}} |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Bombardment of Ancona |
| conflict = Bombardment of Ancona |
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| partof = |
| partof = [[World War I]] |
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| image = |
| image = File:Ramberg - Bombarding of Ancona, 1915, HGM, 2017-03-08.jpg |
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| image_size = 300px |
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| caption = Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts at Pula |
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| caption = ''Bombarding of Ancona'' by August von Ramberg |
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| date = 23–24 May 1915 |
| date = 23–24 May 1915 |
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| place = [[Province of Ancona|Ancona]] |
| place = [[Province of Ancona|Ancona]], [[Adriatic Sea]] |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| result = Austro-Hungarian victory |
| result = Austro-Hungarian victory |
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| combatant1 = {{ |
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Austria-Hungary}} |
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| combatant2 = {{ |
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}} |
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| commander1 = |
| commander1 = |
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| commander2 = |
| commander2 = |
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| strength1 = 3 |
| strength1 = 3 dreadnought battleships <br /> 8 pre-dreadnought battleships <br /> 2 scout cruisers <br /> 9+ destroyers <br /> 8+ torpedo boats |
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| strength2 = 1 destroyer <br /> 2 |
| strength2 = 1 destroyer <br /> 2 airships <br/> 1 flying boat |
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| casualties1 = |
| casualties1 = Unknown killed |
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| casualties2 = 63 |
| casualties2 = 63 killed <br /> 1 destroyer damaged <br /> 1 airship damaged |
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| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Mediterranean Sea 1914-1918}} |
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Mediterranean Sea 1914-1918}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Bombardment of Ancona''' was a naval engagement of the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I]] between the navies of [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]] and [[Austria-Hungary]]. Forces of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy|Imperial and Royal Navy]] attacked and bombarded military and civilian targets all across [[Province of Ancona|Ancona]] in central Italy and several other nearby islands and communities in response to Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary. |
The '''Bombardment of Ancona''' was a naval engagement of the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I]] between the navies of [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]] and [[Austria-Hungary]]. Forces of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy|Imperial and Royal Navy]] attacked and bombarded military and civilian targets all across [[Province of Ancona|Ancona]] in [[central Italy]] and several other nearby islands and communities in response to Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary. |
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When Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the Austrian fleet was quick to react; the navy launched several attacks on the [[Marche]] region of Italy. That day, the [[destroyer]] {{SMS|Dinara||6}} and [[torpedo boat]] ''[[Tb 53T]]'' bombarded the port of Ancona. The destroyer {{SMS|Lika||6}}, on a [[reconnaissance]] mission between [[Palagruža]] and [[Cape Gargano]], shelled the [[semaphore]] and radio station at [[Vieste]]. Defending those waters at the time was the Italian destroyer {{Ship|Italian destroyer|Turbine||2}}. A small duel commenced with ''Lika'' coming out as the [[victory|victor]], damaging the enemy destroyer. |
When Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the Austrian fleet was quick to react; the navy launched several attacks on the [[Marche]] region of Italy. That day, the [[destroyer]] {{SMS|Dinara||6}} and [[torpedo boat]] ''[[Tb 53T]]'' bombarded the port of Ancona. The destroyer {{SMS|Lika||6}}, on a [[reconnaissance]] mission between [[Palagruža]] and [[Cape Gargano]], shelled the [[semaphore]] and radio station at [[Vieste]]. Defending those waters at the time was the Italian destroyer {{Ship|Italian destroyer|Turbine|1901|2}}. A small duel commenced with ''Lika'' coming out as the [[victory|victor]], damaging the enemy destroyer. |
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The next day |
The next day, 24 May, the majority of the Austrian fleet at [[Pula|Pola]] steamed for the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] coast of Italy. This included the [[dreadnought]]s {{SMS|Viribus Unitis}}, {{SMS|Tegetthoff|1912|2}}, {{SMS|Prinz Eugen|1912|2}} and eight [[pre-dreadnought]]s. Other Austro-Hungarian ships were already in enemy waters or proceeding to the Ancona coast themselves. The fleet bombarded several of the Italian coastal cities and other targets in and around the Province of Ancona, especially damaging the city of Ancona. |
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SMS ''Tegetthoff'' and the destroyer {{SMS|Velebit}} shelled the Italian [[airship]] [[Italian airship Città di Ferrara|''Città di Ferrara'']] off Ancona. The pre-dreadnought {{SMS|Radetzky||6}} and two |
SMS ''Tegetthoff'' and the destroyer {{SMS|Velebit}} shelled the Italian [[airship]] [[Italian airship Città di Ferrara|''Città di Ferrara'']] off Ancona. The pre-dreadnought {{SMS|Radetzky|1909|6}} and two torpedo boats bombarded [[Potenza Picena]], then returned to Pola naval base. The pre-dreadnought {{SMS|Zrínyi||6}}—along with two more torpedo boats—bombarded [[Senigallia]], destroying a [[train]] and damaging a [[railway station]] and a bridge, before returning to Pola. The torpedo boat {{SMS|Tb 3||6}} was unsuccessfully bombed by an Italian [[flying boat]]. |
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Austrian [[ |
Austrian [[scout cruiser]] {{SMS|Admiral Spaun||6}} bombarded the Italian [[signal station]] at [[Cretaccio Island]], while {{SMS|Sankt Georg||6}}—with two torpedo boats—shelled [[Rimini]], damaging a [[freight train]]. The destroyer {{SMS|Streiter||6}} attacked the signal station near [[Torre di Mileto]]. The light cruiser {{SMS|Novara|1912|6}}, a destroyer and two torpedo boats entered [[Corsini Channel]] and shelled an Italian torpedo boat station, another semaphore station, and few batteries of [[coastal artillery]]. |
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The |
The scout cruiser {{SMS|Helgoland|Austria-Hungary|6}}—supported by four destroyers—ran into the Italian destroyer ''Turbine'', in a [[pitched battle]] south of [[Pelagosa]]. The destroyer {{SMS|Tátra||6}} shelled the railway embankment near [[Manfredonia]] while the destroyer {{SMS|Csepel||6}} shelled the Manfredonia railway station. Finally Austro-Hungarian flying boats dropped [[Ammunition#Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]] on [[Venice]] and seaplane [[hangar]]s at [[Chiaravalle, Marche|Chiaravalle]]. |
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Heavy damage was inflicted by the Austrian navy, and 63 people, both Italian military and civilian personnel, died in Ancona alone.<ref>''Grga Novak, Jadransko more u sukobima i borbama kroz stoljeća'', book 2, Split, 2004 {{ |
Heavy damage was inflicted by the Austrian navy, and 63 people, both Italian military and civilian personnel, died in Ancona alone.<ref>''Grga Novak, Jadransko more u sukobima i borbama kroz stoljeća'', book 2, Split, 2004 {{in lang|hr}}</ref> The dome of [[Ancona Cathedral]] was damaged, too. Austrian casualties were light. The war in the Adriatic Sea continued, culminating in a large Allied [[blockade]] to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from leaving the Adriatic. The "[[Otranto Barrage]]" would be raided by the Austro-Hungarians several times throughout the war, but major Austro-Hungarian warships rarely left the bases after this raid. |
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== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
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'''Literature''' |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite book | editor-last=Gardiner|editor-first=Robert|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships |
* {{cite book | editor-last=Gardiner|editor-first=Robert|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]]|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|year=1985| isbn=978-0-87021-907-8|oclc=12119866}} |
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* {{cite book | last=Tarrant|first=V. E.|title=The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-87021-764-7|oclc=20338385}} |
* {{cite book | last=Tarrant|first=V. E.|title=The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-87021-764-7|oclc=20338385}} |
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* {{cite book | last=Baumgartner|first=Lothar|author2=Erwin Sieche|title=Die Schiffe der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine im Bild=Austro-Hungarian warships in photographs|language=German|location=[[Vienna|Wien]]|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr|year=1999|isbn=978-3-901208-25-6|oclc=43596931}} |
* {{cite book | last=Baumgartner|first=Lothar|author2=Erwin Sieche|title=Die Schiffe der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine im Bild=Austro-Hungarian warships in photographs|language=German|location=[[Vienna|Wien]]|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr|year=1999|isbn=978-3-901208-25-6|oclc=43596931}} |
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* {{cite book | first=Thomas L.|last=Sakmyster|authorlink=Thomas L. Sakmyster|title= |
* {{cite book | first=Thomas L.|last=Sakmyster|authorlink=Thomas L. Sakmyster|title=Hungary's Admiral on Horseback|publisher=East European Monographs|location=Boulder, CO|year=1994|isbn=0-88033-293-X}} |
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* {{cite book | first=John Flournoy|last=Montgomery|title=The Unwilling Satellite|location=New York| publisher=The Devin-Adair Company|year=1947|isbn=1-931313-57-1}} |
* {{cite book | first=John Flournoy|last=Montgomery|title=The Unwilling Satellite|location=New York| publisher=The Devin-Adair Company|year=1947|isbn=1-931313-57-1}} |
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* {{cite book | authorlink=Owen Rutter|first=Owen|last=Rutter|title=Regent of Hungary: The Authorized Life of Admiral Nicholas Horthy|location=London|publisher=Rich and Cowan|year=1938}} |
* {{cite book | authorlink=Owen Rutter|first=Owen|last=Rutter|title=Regent of Hungary: The Authorized Life of Admiral Nicholas Horthy|location=London|publisher=Rich and Cowan|year=1938}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.naval-history.net/WW1CampaignsSerbia.htm Serbia, Balkans & Macedonia 1914–18] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222605/http://www.naval-history.net/WW1CampaignsSerbia.htm Serbia, Balkans & Macedonia 1914–18] |
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* [http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v1/v1n2/adriatic.html Combined Operations in the Adriatic, 1915–18] |
* [http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v1/v1n2/adriatic.html Combined Operations in the Adriatic, 1915–18] |
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{{Commons category|SMS Viribus Unitis}} |
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* [http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyAustrian.htm Austro-Hungarian Navy] |
* [http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyAustrian.htm Austro-Hungarian Navy] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombardment Of Ancona}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombardment Of Ancona}} |
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[[Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary]] |
[[Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary|Ancona]] |
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[[Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Italy]] |
[[Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Italy|Ancona]] |
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[[Category:Mediterranean naval operations of World War I]] |
[[Category:Mediterranean naval operations of World War I|Ancona]] |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1915]] |
[[Category:Conflicts in 1915|Ancona]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Naval bombing operations and battles|Ancona]] |
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[[Category:May 1915 events]] |
[[Category:May 1915 events]] |
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[[Category:History of Ancona]] |
Latest revision as of 20:09, 22 February 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2014) |
Bombardment of Ancona | |||||||
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Part of World War I | |||||||
Bombarding of Ancona by August von Ramberg | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Austria-Hungary | Italy | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3 dreadnought battleships 8 pre-dreadnought battleships 2 scout cruisers 9+ destroyers 8+ torpedo boats |
1 destroyer 2 airships 1 flying boat | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown killed |
63 killed 1 destroyer damaged 1 airship damaged |
The Bombardment of Ancona was a naval engagement of the Adriatic Campaign of World War I between the navies of Italy and Austria-Hungary. Forces of the Imperial and Royal Navy attacked and bombarded military and civilian targets all across Ancona in central Italy and several other nearby islands and communities in response to Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary.
When Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the Austrian fleet was quick to react; the navy launched several attacks on the Marche region of Italy. That day, the destroyer SMS Dinara and torpedo boat Tb 53T bombarded the port of Ancona. The destroyer SMS Lika, on a reconnaissance mission between Palagruža and Cape Gargano, shelled the semaphore and radio station at Vieste. Defending those waters at the time was the Italian destroyer Turbine. A small duel commenced with Lika coming out as the victor, damaging the enemy destroyer.
The next day, 24 May, the majority of the Austrian fleet at Pola steamed for the Adriatic coast of Italy. This included the dreadnoughts SMS Viribus Unitis, Tegetthoff, Prinz Eugen and eight pre-dreadnoughts. Other Austro-Hungarian ships were already in enemy waters or proceeding to the Ancona coast themselves. The fleet bombarded several of the Italian coastal cities and other targets in and around the Province of Ancona, especially damaging the city of Ancona.
SMS Tegetthoff and the destroyer SMS Velebit shelled the Italian airship Città di Ferrara off Ancona. The pre-dreadnought SMS Radetzky and two torpedo boats bombarded Potenza Picena, then returned to Pola naval base. The pre-dreadnought SMS Zrínyi—along with two more torpedo boats—bombarded Senigallia, destroying a train and damaging a railway station and a bridge, before returning to Pola. The torpedo boat SMS Tb 3 was unsuccessfully bombed by an Italian flying boat.
Austrian scout cruiser SMS Admiral Spaun bombarded the Italian signal station at Cretaccio Island, while SMS Sankt Georg—with two torpedo boats—shelled Rimini, damaging a freight train. The destroyer SMS Streiter attacked the signal station near Torre di Mileto. The light cruiser SMS Novara, a destroyer and two torpedo boats entered Corsini Channel and shelled an Italian torpedo boat station, another semaphore station, and few batteries of coastal artillery.
The scout cruiser SMS Helgoland—supported by four destroyers—ran into the Italian destroyer Turbine, in a pitched battle south of Pelagosa. The destroyer SMS Tátra shelled the railway embankment near Manfredonia while the destroyer SMS Csepel shelled the Manfredonia railway station. Finally Austro-Hungarian flying boats dropped ordnance on Venice and seaplane hangars at Chiaravalle.
Heavy damage was inflicted by the Austrian navy, and 63 people, both Italian military and civilian personnel, died in Ancona alone.[1] The dome of Ancona Cathedral was damaged, too. Austrian casualties were light. The war in the Adriatic Sea continued, culminating in a large Allied blockade to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from leaving the Adriatic. The "Otranto Barrage" would be raided by the Austro-Hungarians several times throughout the war, but major Austro-Hungarian warships rarely left the bases after this raid.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Grga Novak, Jadransko more u sukobima i borbama kroz stoljeća, book 2, Split, 2004 (in Croatian)
43°41′9″N 13°33′9″E / 43.68583°N 13.55250°E
Bibliography[edit]
- Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866.
- Tarrant, V. E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-764-7. OCLC 20338385.
- Baumgartner, Lothar; Erwin Sieche (1999). Die Schiffe der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine im Bild=Austro-Hungarian warships in photographs (in German). Wien: Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr. ISBN 978-3-901208-25-6. OCLC 43596931.
- Sakmyster, Thomas L. (1994). Hungary's Admiral on Horseback. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-293-X.
- Montgomery, John Flournoy (1947). The Unwilling Satellite. New York: The Devin-Adair Company. ISBN 1-931313-57-1.
- Rutter, Owen (1938). Regent of Hungary: The Authorized Life of Admiral Nicholas Horthy. London: Rich and Cowan.